Where’s “All that Kentucky education progress” on the NAEP?
The Kentucky Department of Education is scheduled to do its annual State of Education briefing next Tuesday, and we’ve already had a sort of advanced look at of some of what's likely to be said in this headline about the 2019 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) results from the department’s News Release 19-170:
“Kentucky stalls on progress in 4th- and 8th-grade math; shows declines in reading.”
Kentucky’s progress is indeed faltering, and – shock of shocks – the Bluegrass State has even fallen behind the State of Mississippi for NAEP Grade 4 scores for white and black students in both math and reading.
But, exactly how much progress has Kentucky made? The only consistent tests we can look at to answer this question come from the NAEP. After all, since the Kentucky Education Reform Act of 1990 was passed, the state’s own testing program has seen at least three major changes going from the original 1992 Kentucky Instructional Results Information System (KIRIS), which was ended for cause after 1998 to the also now defunct Commonwealth Accountability Testing System (CATS) Kentucky Core Content Tests, which were dumped for cause in 2009, to the Kentucky Performance Rating for Education Progress (KPREP) tests, which are also going through major changes at this time.
So, for consistent performance over time, the NAEP is the only game in town.
What does the NAEP tell us?
Figure 1 tells the story for overall average student scores from the earliest to latest NAEP results.
In no case have the Kentucky overall proficiency rates on NAEP even approached 50% in any grade or subject. The closest we get is in Grade 4 NAEP math, where even as of 2019 only 40% of our students score proficient or above. But, we lose ground in math by Grade 8, where the latest proficiency rate is only 29% -- meaning far fewer than one in three students passes muster. In reading, the story over time is even more disheartening. Between 1992 and 2019 our fourth grade students have only improved from 23% proficient to 35% proficient in that 27-year period. In Grade 8 reading, which NAEP first reported for states in 1998, there has been virtually no change in performance in the intervening 21-year period.
In fact, after allowing for the statistical sampling error found in all NAEP scores, there is no statistically significant difference in the 1998 and 2019 NAEP Grade 8 Reading results for Kentucky. Basically, the Bluegrass State has not improved reading performance in this middle school grade in over two decades!
Using the existing proficiency rates from the bar graphs in Figure 1 to determine a score improvement rate per year, I have projected how many more years it will take for Kentucky’s students to show an 80% proficiency rate on the NAEP. Those projections are shown in the inset table in Figure 1, and the news here isn’t good, either, especially so for reading. With so little accomplished and so far yet to go, I really cringe when I hear people talk about “all the progress” Kentucky education has supposedly made. I just don’t see it.
By the way, I chose an 80% proficiency rate target because Kentucky currently runs somewhere around a 15% population in its schools that have learning disabilities – outside of this group, I think all children should be able to read proficiently.
Well, Figure 1 shows the story for the overall scores, and it clearly is a disappointing tale. But, when we look at what is going on for Kentucky’s largest student racial minority group, you have to cringe. To see that, click the “Read more” link.
The story told in Figure 2 for Kentucky’s black students is just terrible. There is no other way to describe it. And, it clearly gets worse as Kentucky’s black students move from elementary to middle school. Only about one in seven black students score proficient or above on NAEP Grade 8 Reading and about one in nine score proficiently in math as of 2019. That is following 29 years of expensive education reform efforts in Kentucky that initially gave us promises that “All kids can learn.” And, we’re not talking decades; we are talking multiple centuries before Kentucky’s black students are going to reach 80% proficiency rates in Grade 8 NAEP Reading and Math. So, please don’t tell me about *all* the progress Kentucky has made in education. We’ve made a little, in some cases. But, especially for our minority kids, the promises of 1990 are still that, just unfilled promises.
By the way, here is a summary of other blogs on the 2019 NAEP results.
2019 NAEP Blogs
Kentucky education can’t say thank goodness for Mississippi anymore!
Kentucky’s white minus black achievement gaps from NAEP
New NAEP shows charter schools in Cleveland also outperforming
NAEP 2019 – How does Kentucky really compare to other states? Grade 8 Math
NAEP 2019 – How does Kentucky really compare to other states? Grade 8 Reading
NAEP 2019 – How does Kentucky really compare to other states? Grade 4 Math
NAEP 2019 – How does Kentucky really compare to other states? Grade 4 Reading
New NAEP results for Kentucky also disappoint – Grade 8 Math
New NAEP results for Kentucky also disappoint – Grade 8 Reading
New NAEP results for Kentucky also disappoint – Grade 4 Math
New NAEP results for Kentucky also disappoint – Grade 4 Reading